HVAC, Air Quality & Home Comfort Glossary

Plain-English definitions of the terms you'll see on this site and in your estimate.

Cooling & heating

SEER2
Seasonal cooling-efficiency rating (2023 standard). Higher = more efficient.
AFUE
Furnace efficiency — % of fuel turned into heat.
HSPF2
Heating-efficiency rating for heat pumps.
Heat pump
Heats and cools by moving heat instead of burning fuel — efficient in mild Houston winters.
Ductless / mini-split
Ductless heat pump for rooms or additions.
Tonnage
AC capacity (1 ton ≈ 12,000 BTU/hr); set by a load calculation, not square footage.
Manual J
The load calculation that right-sizes equipment to your home.
R-410A
Legacy refrigerant being phased out under the EPA AIM Act.
A2L (R-454B / R-32)
Lower-GWP refrigerants used in new 2025+ systems.
Short cycling
Turning on/off too often — often oversizing or a fault.

Indoor air quality

MERV
Filter rating — higher captures smaller particles (balance with airflow).
HEPA
High-efficiency particulate filtration.
UV germicidal light
UV-C light that reduces microbial growth on the coil.
Whole-home dehumidifier
Controls humidity beyond what the AC alone manages.
ERV / HRV
Ventilator that brings in fresh air efficiently.

Building envelope

U-factor
Window heat-transfer rate — lower = better insulation.
SHGC
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient — lower = less solar heat (key for Houston).
Low-E coating
Window coating that reflects heat.
R-value
Insulation's resistance to heat flow — higher = better.
Radiant barrier
Reflective attic layer that cuts radiant heat gain.
Attic ventilation
Intake/exhaust airflow that manages attic heat and moisture.

Codes, systems & credentials

IMC / IPC / IFGC
Adopted Mechanical / Plumbing / Fuel-Gas codes (edition set by your AHJ).
AHJ
Authority Having Jurisdiction — your local building department.
TDLR
Texas Dept. of Licensing & Regulation — licenses HVAC contractors.
EPA certified
Certified to handle refrigerants per federal rule.